The dramatic decline of the once-great U.S. economy has important lessons for Australia and the world, as Alan Austin reports.

AMERICANS SEEKING WISDOM about the state of their economy will gain little insight from mainstream economics writers. They are like detectives called to investigate an assault. They note boot prints in the garden, the broken living room window and the smell of gunpowder. But they fail to observe the three dead bodies.

These are the cadavers:

One. America's budget deficit last year was a staggering U.S.$2,723.8 billion (AU$4.157 billion). That's nearly three trillion dollars. This amounts to 16.7% of gross domestic product (GDP). That was the worst outcome in recorded American history and by far the worst deficit of all 36 developed member countries of the OECD which have reported 2021 results. (The next deepest deficit among major economies was Australia's at 7.8% of GDP.)

This is the first time the USA has been at the bottom of this global table.

Two. The USA has had the greatest expansion of federal debt of all OECD countries from 2016 to 2022, deepening from 105.2 to 137.2% of GDP. See green chart, below.

(Data source: tradingeconomics.com)

Three. The U.S. economy is in a technical recession, alone among all 38 OECD members. GDP declined in this year's first quarter by 1.6%, and by 0.6% in the second quarter. No other developed economy has recorded two consecutive negative quarters this year. Again, this is a first since records have been kept.

The cause of the demise

All the clues point to one culprit. Tax revenues plummeted in 2018 and thereafter following the bizarre decision in December 2017 to slash the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, and cut the top income tax rate from 39.6 to 37%.

Trumpist Republicans asserted this would increase revenue and improve the economy. They were wrong. Total revenue fell far below spending, the budget deficit blew out badly and debt surged.

Corporate tax revenue fell by a thumping 31% from $297.0 billion (AU$453 billion) in 2017 to just $204.7 billion (AU$311 billion) in 2018. This recovered slightly in 2019, but tumbled again during the pandemic to $211.8 billion (AU$323 billion) in 2020. (This is according to the historical tables published by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) at the White House.)

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Those tax cuts have caused lasting damage to the economy, as seen when we survey recent history. The dollar value of corporate taxes in 2007, before the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), was $370.2 billion (AU$565 billion). But the 2021 corporate tax receipts were only $371.8 billion (AU$567.5 billion), with this year's forecast at just $382.6 billion (AU$584 billion). Both are below the 2007 level in real terms.

With corporate profits now more than double 2007 levels, the profitable companies are now contributing about half the share of their profits they were paying before the GFC.

Pressure from right-wing lobbyists

Conservative American business lobbyist Cato Institute constantly spruiks tax cuts. In March, it tried to assert that Donald Trump's 2017 tax cuts had been good for the economy with this chart:

(Source: Cato Institute)

The red line shows actual corporate tax receipts as recorded by the OMB. The blue line shows OMB forecasts made in May last year and the black line shows forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) in July last year.

The article claimed that 'the strength of corporate tax revenues is impressive as reflected in the upward shift in the baseline'. It argued that because the real red line was higher than the imaginary blue and black lines, the tax cuts must have been effective.

That was pure nonsense. Yes, the red line showing corporate tax revenue eventually climbed above 2017 levels, pre-tax cuts. But the Cato chart does not show us what the corporate tax revenue would have been without the tax cuts.

So IA can. See green line on the chart below. That is the best estimate of the revenue that would have accrued had the rates not changed in 2017. The yellow shaded area is the total revenue lost to the U.S. Budget - and the American people - since the tax cuts. The quantum is at least $430 billion (AU$655 billion) over the years 2018 to 2022. This is increasing each year.

(Source: Cato Institute - edited)

The cost to ordinary Americans

Much of this loss of revenue from company profits in 2018 was made up by tax hikes on individuals and by hefty increases in excise taxes and social insurance receipts. But total revenue that year increased only by 0.41%. That was nowhere near enough to cover government spending, which increased by 3.2%.

Naturally, shareholders of profitable corporations are delighted with this arrangement. Maybe this is why the media corporations are reluctant to expose it. But the current cost to individual taxpayers is substantial.

The interest bill on the federal debt this year is budgeted at $681.0 billion (AU$1.037 trillion). With 151.2 million taxpayers, that is an average tax take of $4,504 (AU$6,859) each - just to pay the interest.

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The remedy

Trumpist Republicans and their allies are calling for spending cuts in order to balance the Federal Budget. They have not done their sums.

The budget deficit this year is forecast at -$1,414.9 billion (AU-$2,156 billion). That will not be eliminated even if Congress slashed the budgets of the departments of Defense, Education, Energy, State and Housing and Urban Development - entirely.

The only pathway to a balanced budget is via substantial increases to taxes on companies and the top end. This will require restoring the corporate rate to at least 35% and, preferably, higher.

Lessons for the watching world

Independent Australia has long argued that adequate contributions from company profits are essential for a healthy economy. The findings of this coronial inquiry confirm that.

Other countries to have increased their company tax rates in recent years and reaped the benefits include Taiwan, South Korea, Latvia, Germany, Slovenia, Ecuador, Chile and Columbia.

Meanwhile, in America, those three corpses are still lying on the living room floor.

Alan Austin is an Independent Australia columnist and freelance journalist. You can follow him on Twitter @alanaustin001.

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